Тип публикации: статья из журнала

Год издания: 2024

Идентификатор DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00135

Аннотация: <jats:p>The international and interdisciplinary sea-ice drift expedition “The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate” (MOSAiC) was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020. The aim of MOSAiC was to study the interconnected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and processes from theПоказать полностьюatmosphere to the deep sea of the central Arctic system. The ecosystem team addressed current knowledge gaps and explored unknown biological properties over a complete seasonal cycle focusing on three major research areas: biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, and linkages to the environment. In addition to the measurements of core properties along a complete seasonal cycle, dedicated projects covered specific processes and habitats, or organisms on higher taxonomic or temporal resolution in specific time windows. A wide range of sampling instruments and approaches, including sea-ice coring, lead sampling with pumps, rosette-based water sampling, plankton nets, remotely operated vehicles, and acoustic buoys, was applied to address the science objectives. Further, a broad range of process-related measurements to address, for example, productivity patterns, seasonal migrations, and diversity shifts, were made both in situ and onboard RV Polarstern. This article provides a detailed overview of the sampling approaches used to address the three main science objectives. It highlights the core sampling program and provides examples of habitat- or process-specific sampling. The initial results presented include high biological activities in wintertime and the discovery of biological hotspots in underexplored habitats. The unique interconnectivity of the coordinated sampling efforts also revealed insights into cross-disciplinary interactions like the impact of biota on Arctic cloud formation. This overview further presents both lessons learned from conducting such a demanding field campaign and an outlook on spin-off projects to be conducted over the next years.</jats:p>

Журнал: Elementa. Science of the Anthropocene

Выпуск журнала: Т. 12, № 1

ISSN журнала: 23251026

Издатель: UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS, 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, USA, CA, 94612-3758

• Fong Allison A. (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Hoppe Clara J. M. (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Aberle Nicole (3Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science (IMF), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany)
• Ashjian Carin J. (4Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA)
• Assmy Philipp (5Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Bai Youcheng (6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China)
• Bakker Dorothee C. E. (7School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
• Balmonte John P. (9Previous address: Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden)
• Barry Kevin R. (10Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA)
• Bertilsson Stefan (11Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden)
• Boulton William (12School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
• Bowman Jeff (13Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA)
• Bozzato Deborah (14Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands)
• Bratbak Gunnar (15Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway)
• Buck Moritz (11Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden)
• Campbell Robert G. (16Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA)
• Castellani Giulia (5Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Chamberlain Emelia J. (13Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA)
• Chen Jianfang (6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China)
• Chierici Melissa (17Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway)
• Cornils Astrid (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Creamean Jessie M. (10Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA)
• Damm Ellen (18Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany)
• Dethloff Klaus (18Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany)
• Droste Elise S. (20Previous address: School of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
• Ebenhöh Oliver (21Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany)
• Eggers Sarah L. (22Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden)
• Engel Anja (23GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany)
• Flores Hauke (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Fransson Agneta (5Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Frickenhaus Stephan (24Centre for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany)
• Gardner Jessie (25UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway)
• Gelfman Cecilia E. (16Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA)
• Granskog Mats A. (5Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Graeve Martin (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Havermans Charlotte (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Heuzé Céline (26Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden)
• Hildebrandt Nicole (28Previous address: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Hill Thomas C. J. (10Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA)
• Hoppema Mario (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Immerz Antonia (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Jin Haiyan (6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China)
• Koch Boris P. (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Kong Xianyu (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Kraberg Alexandra (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Lan Musheng (29Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China)
• Lange Benjamin A. (31Previous address: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Larsen Aud (32NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway)
• Lebreton Benoit (33Joint Research Unit Littoral, Environment and Societies (CNRS—University of La Rochelle), La Rochelle, France)
• Leu Eva (34Akvaplan-niva, Tromsø, Norway)
• Loose Brice (16Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA)
• Maslowski Wieslaw (35Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA)
• Mavis Camille (10Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA)
• Metfies Katja (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Mock Thomas (7School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
• Müller Oliver (15Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway)
• Nicolaus Marcel (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Niehoff Barbara (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Nomura Daiki (36Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan)
• Nöthig Eva-Maria (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Oggier Marc (37International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA)
• Oldenburg Ellen (21Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany)
• Olsen Lasse Mork (38Department of Bioscience, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway)
• Peeken Ilka (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Perovich Donald K. (39Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA)
• Popa Ovidiu (21Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany)
• Rabe Benjamin (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Ren Jian (6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China)
• Rex Markus (40University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany)
• Rinke Annette (18Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany)
• Rokitta Sebastian (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Rost Björn (41Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany)
• Sakinan Serdar (42Wageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, the Netherlands)
• Salganik Evgenii (5Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway)
• Schaafsma Fokje L. (43Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands)
• Schäfer Hendrik (44School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK)
• Schmidt Katrin (45School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK)
• Shoemaker Katyanne M. (16Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA)
• Shupe Matthew D. (47NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA)
• Snoeijs-Leijonmalm Pauline (22Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden)
• Stefels Jacqueline (14Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands)
• Svenson Anders (48Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekil, Sweden)
• Tao Ran (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Torres-Valdés Sinhué (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Torstensson Anders (22Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden)
• Toseland Andrew (7School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
• Ulfsbo Adam (49Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden)
• Van Leeuwe Maria A. (14Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands)
• Vortkamp Martina (1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany)
• Webb Alison L. (44School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK)
• Zhuang Yanpei (6Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China)
• Gradinger Rolf R. (25UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway)

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