ПРОЦЕССЫ УРБАНИЗАЦИИ И РАЗВИТИЕ ПЕШЕХОДНЫХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ (на примере формирования городов центральной Европы, России и планировочных зон г. Красноярска)

Описание

Перевод названия: URBANISATION AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DEVELOPMENT (with reference to the urban development in Central Europe and Russia, and to the planning practice in the city of Krasnoyarsk)

Тип публикации: статья из журнала

Год издания: 2012

Ключевые слова: градостроительство, европа, town-planning, pedestrian spaces, urbanization, russia, Krasnoyarsk, пешеходные пространства, урбанизация, россия, красноярск

Аннотация: На протяжении ХХ в. пешеходные пространства претерпевали различные стадии развития: от постепенного забвения до осознания их значимости в развитии общества и лидирующих позиций в градостроительстве Европейских стран и начала реализации единичных проектных решений и разработок научного подхода к их организации в России в настоящее вПоказать полностьюремя. На примере городов центральной Европы, России и планировочных зон города Красноярска проведен анализ пешеходных пространств, сложившихся к началу ХХ в. и их формирование в последующий период. The article reviews the formation of pedestrian spaces in the cities of Central Europe, Russia (USSR), and Krasnoyarsk from the early twentieth century to the present time. In the early twentieth century, vehicle and pedestrian traffic in European and Russian cities that had formed under the influence of 'ideal city' plans demonstrated common features, with elements of division between vehicle and pedestrian traffic spaces. The abolition of private property in the Soviet Union led to gradual disappearance of private and semi-private pedestrian spaces. A turning point in the development of pedestrian spaces in both European and Soviet city planning practice came with the legitimization of the car (as embodied in the Athens Charter) and under the influence of American ideas relating to the organization of "Motor Age" life within areas limited by urban highways. In the 1960s - 70s, a new town-planning concept of a "car-friendly city" emerged in Europe. In the 1980s, however, the European urban planning experienced a second turning point in its development, whereby the dominance of personal motor vehicles as a structural town-planning principle was rejected. This triggered intensive development of public transport and cycling and pedestrian spaces. The fact that the Soviet Union was a closed country and the crisis of the late 1980s led to growing divergence between the principles underlying the formation of pedestrian spaces in Europe and Russia. The existing pedestrian spaces in Russia are degrading, whilst new ones are not built. The lack of a strategy in this field has resulted in various social and environmental problems. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that Russia is going through fundamental changes and is shaping new approaches to urban planning and development. One of the main goals of this development is to create conditions for safe and secure pedestrian mobility of residents.

Ссылки на полный текст

Издание

Журнал: Архитектон: известия вузов

Выпуск журнала: 38

Номера страниц: 1

ISSN журнала: 19904126

Место издания: Екатеринбург

Издатель: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный архитектурно-художественный университет"

Персоны

Вхождение в базы данных