Тип публикации: статья из журнала
Год издания: 2018
Идентификатор DOI: 10.22363/2312-8674-2018-17-3-661-674
Ключевые слова: бухарцы, Siberian Bukharians, siberian tatars, Bukhara volost, Tarsky district, Soviet policy and the national issue, сибирские татары, Бухарская волость, Тарский округ, национальный вопрос
Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются проблемы жизни общины сибирских бухарцев в первое десятилетие после Революции 1917 г. В центре внимания автора - бухарцы Тарского округа Сибирского края1, их экономическое, политическое и культурное развитие в первое послереволюционное десятилетие. Автор показывает, что бухарцы вместе со всем населением СибПоказать полностьюири пережили трудные годы Первой мировой и Гражданской войн, а Революция 1917 г. первоначально дала им надежду на улучшение положения. Однако эти надежды не оправдались, социально-экономическое и политическое положение бухарцев в Сибири оказалось значительно хуже, чем других групп населения, что стало основной причиной желания значительной части сибирских бухарцев выехать из СССР в Турцию. В статье вводятся в научный оборот новые архивные документы, отражающие политику государства в связи с желанием бухарцев выехать из СССР. Документы из фондов Государственного архива Новосибирской области позволяют детальнее рассмотреть проблемы социально-экономического и культурного развития сибирских бухарцев к середине 1920-х гг. Особый интерес представляет разработанная в 1925 г. в Новосибирске программа улучшения экономического, политического и культурного положения бухарского населения Сибири. Автор приходит к заключению, что подобные мероприятия советской власти не смогли покончить с «переселенческими настроениями» бухарцев. Последний раз в переписи населения Сибири бухарцы были отмечены в 1926 г. Несмотря на то, что советское руководство в том же году не выдало им разрешения на выезд в Турцию, к концу 1920-х гг. все-таки часть бухарцев эмигрировала из СССР, а остальные были формально включены в состав сибирских татар. Автор считает, что одной из причин «исчезновения» бухарцев Сибири было то, что в большинстве своем они не приняли политики большевиков, заявив к середине 1920-х гг. о своем нежелание оставаться на советской территории и намерении покинуть СССР. The article deals with the problems of the Siberian Bukharans’ community in the first decade after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bukharans played an important role in the history of Western Siberia for several centuries. But the significance of the Bukhara community in the economic life of Siberia decreased steadily; there took place rapprochement in the form of assimilation with Siberian Tatars. In the early twentieth century, the reforms, revolutionary changes and war became an ordeal for Siberian Bukharans. As a result of the state policy, both imperial and Soviet, the most important factor in preserving the Bukhara identity - the Bukhara volost - was destroyed. After the end of the civil war in Siberia, the Bukharans in the bulk were in opposition to the Soviet power. In many areas of Siberia in the early twentieth century there was a drop in the population of Bukharans. The largest and most organized community of the Siberian Bukharans in Soviet Russia was preserved in the Tarsky district of the Siberian territory - more than 11 thousand people. In the focus of the research there are problems of the economic, political and cultural development of the Bukharans in the Tarsky district in the mid-1920s. The documents found by the author indicate the degradation of the Siberian Bukharans’ economy. It was caused by the fact that after the victory of the Soviet government, a significant part of them did not connect their future with Siberia anymore, the Bukharans expected permission to leave the USSR, mainly to Turkey. The article introduces new scientific archival documents which reflect the policy of the state in connection with the desire of the Bukharans to leave the USSR. The central Soviet government did not allow this, but ordered to improve the work with this group of the population. Despite the fact that the Soviet leaders in Siberia tried to improve the economic and cultural situation of the Bukharans, they failed to completely eliminate the “resettlement sentiments”. From 1927, the Soviet government ceased to recognize the Bukharans as a separate ethno-social group, including them in the number of Siberian Tatars or for some time using the name “Tatar-Bukharans”. The article deals with the problems of the Siberian Bukharans' community in the first decade after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bukharans played an important role in the history of Western Siberia for several centuries. But the significance of the Bukhara community in the economic life of Siberia decreased steadily; there took place rapprochement in the form of assimilation with Siberian Tatars. In the early twentieth century, the reforms, revolutionary changes and war became an ordeal for Siberian Bukharans. As a result of the state policy, both imperial and Soviet, the most important factor in preserving the Bukhara identity - the Bukhara volost - was destroyed. After the end of the civil war in Siberia, the Bukharans in the bulk were in opposition to the Soviet power. In many areas of Siberia in the early twentieth century there was a drop in the population of Bukharans. The largest and most organized community of the Siberian Bukharans in Soviet Russia was preserved in the Tarsky district of the Siberian territory - more than 11 thousand people. In the focus of the research there are problems of the economic, political and cultural development of the Bukharans in the Tarsky district in the mid-1920s. The documents found by the author indicate the degradation of the Siberian Bukharans' economy. It was caused by the fact that after the victory of the Soviet government, a significant part of them did not connect their future with Siberia anymore, the Bukharans expected permission to leave the USSR, mainly to Turkey. The article introduces new scientific archival documents which reflect the policy of the state in connection with the desire of the Bukharans to leave the USSR. The central Soviet government did not allow this, but ordered to improve the work with this group of the population. Despite the fact that the Soviet leaders in Siberia tried to improve the economic and cultural situation of the Bukharans, they failed to completely eliminate the "resettlement sentiments". From 1927, the Soviet government ceased to recognize the Bukharans as a separate ethno-social group, including them in the number of Siberian Tatars or for some time using the name "Tatar-Bukharans". The article deals with the problems of the Siberian Bukharans' community in the first decade after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bukharans played an important role in the history of Western Siberia for several centuries. But the significance of the The article deals with the problems of the Siberian Bukharans' community in the first decade after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bukharans played an important role in the history of Western Siberia for several centuries. But the significance of the
Журнал: Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России
Выпуск журнала: Т. 17, № 3
Номера страниц: 661-674
ISSN журнала: 23128674
Место издания: Москва
Издатель: Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)